Get to Know These 91 Famous Female Scientists

Thes First Appearance On The Show Meyer Lansky - 1732 Words

In his first appearance on the show Meyer Lansky gives a very earnst and well-worded but fake business proposal, forces someone to shake his hand (and thus acknowledge him) and muses on the future importance of the petrol industry, all of which allow for a good character defining moment. His main motivation and driving force through out the series is his own ambition to gain money, power and respect. While it s not not hard to connect this ambition to a childhood of poverty and ethnic oppression, it goes even deeper than that: in 1931 Lansky has achieved more than he could have dreamed of as a child and yet still looks to take even more - Atlantic City, the Commission, etc. etc. There s an undercurrent of nothing is enough with Meyer and†¦show more content†¦In late season one, Jimmy (another gangster) ties him up and threatens him with a gun - a few months later Meyer has absolutely no problem going into business with him. After Rothstein s betrayal Charlie is enraged but M eyer is the one who recognizes that continuing to push A.R. will lead to nothing but their deaths, even telling Rothstein he understands his actions. This pragmatism and desire for professionalism is present even in Meyer s personal relationships - his friendship with Charlie Luciano is somewhat unique, as the gangsters generally tend to stick to people within their own ethnicity (and Charlie is Italian) but first and foremost it s a lucrative partnership. Even the way they met is good example of this - Charlie and his gang would ambush Meyer on his way to school, demanding he give them their money. Meyer would spit on them and refuse to give in and in exchange they would beat him up. After a few days of this Charlie asked him to join his gang and they have been partners in crime ever since. During the show Meyer is generally shown as the book-keeper and organizer of his and Charlie s operation and as such there is no denying his intelligence and keen sense of business. He is methodical and meticulous in his approach to crime, keeping track of every action (sales, purchase, murder, bribery..) in a neat little notebook. He researches his

Tout dun Coup French Expression Meaning

Expression: Tout dun coup Pronunciation: [ too doo(n) koo] Meaning: all of a sudden, all at once Literal translation: all of a blow Register: normal Notes The French expression tout dun coup has two possible meanings. Tout dun coup is commonly used interchangeably with the expression tout à   coup to mean suddenly, all of the sudden:   Ã‚  Ã‚  En entendant les rà ©sultats, il a tout dun coup commencà © à   pleurer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon hearing the results, he suddenly started crying.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout dun coup, jai eu envie de vomir.   Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the sudden, I felt sick. Though many native French speakers regularly use tout dun coup as above, it is technically incorrect. The original—and, for purists, only—meaning of tout dun coup is all at once, in a single movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Au lieu de payer en plusieurs versements, jai dà ©cidà © dacheter la voiture tout dun coup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Rather than paying in installments, I decided to buy the car outright (pay the entire amount at once).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle a avalà © la bià ¨re tout dun coup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  She swallowed the beer all at once / in one go, She gulped down the whole beer. Synonym: dun seul coup

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift - 1647 Words

Satire in â€Å"A Modest Proposal† and Different Articles Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get people’s attention, and the way he uses satire throughout the article made his argument more successful. He wrote this essay to show how ignored and bad the state of Ireland and its social classes are. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses rhetorical exaggeration to express his offense towards England’s politicians, and the status of the poor people in the country in the late seventeenth century. His purpose was to raise awareness of what was taking place in that society. Swift expresses his growing annoyance towards the inability of the politicians, the hypocrisy of the rich, the brutality of the English, and the degrading situations in which the Irish people were living in. Swift was trying to persuade the peo ple by proposing this extreme and unusual way for the purpose of provoking them to come up with the right solutions. On the other hand, the Onion is an organization that publishes articles on international, national, and local news. In the following paragraphs, there are similarities and differences between Swift’s essay’s satire and some articles from the Onion. The similar idea that is included both in â€Å"A modest proposal† and the Onion article is that: Swift proposes that selling babies of the poor for food and clothing could improveShow MoreRelatedA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, we are exposed to the timeless issue of homelessness and the state’s role in their social welfare. Swift was a fervent Irish patriot who was disgusted by the flourishing trend of beggars and hungry children that flooded the streets of his beloved country. This topic is relatable as this is a social issue that plagues many countries in the present age. Swift presents a satirical argument in which he proposes Ireland adopt the horrific practices of eating theirRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1333 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A modest proposal† by Jonathan Swift is an essay, which was written to elaborate the poverty of people in Ireland. Where poor viewed as having an absence of worth in the public eye, playing no essential part in more noteworthy else s benefit of the people. Swift uses situational irony in this essay which also represented a work of satire. By definition situational irony happens when the final outcome is opposing to what was expected. Basically his proposal was for poor children roaming around theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift982 Words   |  4 Pages Jonathan Swift, author of â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his proposal, he is able to get his point across. He wrote this essay to show how undeveloped and bad the state of Ireland is and the social classes. In â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift effectively uses insincerity, sarcasm, and rhetorical exaggeration to reveal his annoyance of politicians, papists, and overall citizens of poverty-stricken Ireland in the late seventeenthRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift813 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swift, author of the satirical piece â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† organized an outrageous proposal to the people of Ireland. In this pamphlet, Swift offered his personal views on how to overcome Ireland’s issue of overpopulation and poverty. By raising nationwide attention, Swift plan to shock the readers by emphasizing the idea of cannibalism as a way to deal with Irelandâ€℠¢s problems. Swift’s technique of audience, tone, and pathos help determine the advantages and disadvantages of â€Å"A Model Proposal†Read MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words   |  4 PagesI was informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matter of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. I believed that Swift added cannibalizing children to the subject matter to give his proposal a more profound and eye-opening effect, but my readings further piqued my interests on the topic. As a result, I researched Jonathan Swift’s motives and styleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1057 Words   |  5 Pages A Modest Proposal â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, written in 1979 by Jonathan Swift, is a fascinating sardonic, overwhelming hyperbole. He explores the miserable fate of poverty-striven Irish whose struggle in vain in an effort to feed their huge emaciated families. In the essay, Swift advocates that the penurious Irish should sell their babies to the rich ladies and gentlemen and obtain monetary power required to ease their economic predicaments. The straight-faced parody that features predominantly in theRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal was written in the year 1729 by the famous satirist Jonathan Swift. In his work he outlines the pros of eating unwanted children of Ireland for economical benefits in a time of great poverty. While the reader can obviously discard the idea of eating children, in his proposal, in a roundabout way, Swift speaks to hard pressing issues of the time. The state of Ireland is well described by Swift in this piece. He speaks of woman who â€Å"instead of being able to work for their honestRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1795 Words   |  8 PagesHave you ever thought about eating an infant to ease your economic hardship? You’re not the only one! Jonathan Swift wrote an entire pamphlet about it (satirically, of course). Satire has the ability to point out societal inadequacy and ridicule political policies in a way that is humorous in its absurdity while masking its true intent. In A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift, the author’s use of exaggeration and irony to draw attention to the meaningless lives of the Irish people to English ruleRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1032 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Swift’s satirical pamphlet, A Modest Proposal, as a way to ironically find a way For the CommonWealth of Ireland to benefit from the starving children. He proposes the idea that an un wanted child should be fattened up then feed to landlords or have their meat sold in the market. In turn curing the nation’s problem of overpopulation and contribute to the economic well-being of the nation. Swift’s satire exploits the fundamental human function of eating. The need to eat is a driving humanRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe story ‘A Modest Proposal’ makes the readers feel a sense of dread and disgust. ‘The Modest Proposal’ is a pamphlet written by Jonathan Swift, a satirist from the Dublin literary world, and it is a proposal being proposed narrated by â€Å"the economic projector [and] an ostensibly genuine voice which can usefully be called Swift s† (Phiddian 610) such as in previous writings, the proposal is a plan to make 20,000 poor people breed, sell the rest for money for the 20,000 poor, to raise 20,000 of the

Cost of Living in America Free Essays

Samad Saadiq Cost of Living in America America is the best place to live. But â€Å"money is the key to survival† (Crute) which all Americans live by. With the economy growing fast so is the cost of living. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost of Living in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cost of living is the amount of money it cost to survive with the basic necessities. Even though majority Americans survived off of the cost of living, they believed that things would get better, and they would be able spend money on things other than necessities. The changes in the type of jobs, necessities, and how people spent money 50 years ago to now increase the cost of living. This is why the cost of living provides more jobs, better pay, and better places to live. With work being the only source of income people viewed it as an â€Å"obligation† (Crute). â€Å"Work was something that everyone did, and wasn’t considered a job† (Crute). People worked because they had to; it was the only way to survive. Families could not survive if their parents did not work, because there was no money. Although most of the money that came into the households came from the parents; children also worked and brought in money. The only jobs that existed were jobs that provide goods and services needed for survival. â€Å"My mother was an in house nurse and worked barely for minimum wage† (Crute). The average American would pay â€Å"$49,000 for a house, 35 cents for cigarettes, and one cent for candy† (Crute). A place to stay and food to eat are the necessities. Rarely was money spent on things such as movies, candy, or eating out. Living was just living and we survived just fine off of the basic needs in 1960. The 21st century is a lot different compared to how people viewed the world 50 years ago. Most people go to work because they enjoy what they do or they enjoy the benefits from the job. There are jobs for just about anything you want to do in the world, encouraging more Americans to work. Majority of Americans work, but the government is more  involved  in helping  struggling  families who don’t work to survive. There are child labor laws that prohibit children from working until they turn at least 14 years old. The economy is in such a terrible state that nothing is cheap, increasing the cost of living. The average loaf of bread cost about $3. 9 which is more than a gallon of gas. Even though nothing is cheap we do spend money on more than necessities. People pay thousands of dollars to put rims on their cars instead of hubcaps. This is like throwing away money. Hard earned money should be spent but not wasted. Crute remembers paying 25 cents for a gallon of gas, that we now pay $2. 79 for. In order to keep up with the increasing prices of these products and people living their lavish life styles, they have to pay workers more money to survive. With the cost of living now at â€Å"$8. 5 per hour† (WHD) people feel encouraged to spend it on the finer things in life. Such as the $49,000 dollar home this now costs $350, 000, or a $30,000 car. Even though the cost of living is expense it created better opportunities for American citizens. Money is everything and Americans have been given more over the years because it costs more to live it in a beautiful place. Citizens still need the necessities but now there are more than just food and shelter that are considered necessities. If it wasn’t for cost of living costing so much we wouldn’t be able to enjoy our money like we do now. It would feel like the people who worked 50 years ago like an obligation but it doesn’t. Everything has increased from the number of jobs to the amount of money we bring home in just one month. The cost of living is now more than survival it’s about living life. Word Count: 672 words Works Cited Crute, Samad. â€Å"Cost of Living. † Telephone interview. 1 Nov. 2010. â€Å"U. S. Department of Labor – Wage and Hour Division (WHD) – Minimum Wage Laws in the States. † The U. S. Department of Labor Home Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. dol. gov/whd/minwage/america. htmgt;. How to cite Cost of Living in America, Papers

Report for Bill Gates Leadership @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about the Report for Bill Gates Leadership. Answer: Introduction Bill Gates is one of the most charismatic and inspirational leaders that the 21st century has witnessed. Gates has been regularly featuring in Forbes Top 100 lists and was recently ranked as the richest person in America. Also, he has been bestowed with various awards including theNational Medal of Technology and Innovation,Mary Woodard Lasker Award for Public Service, Bower Award for Business Leadership and more. There is no denying that Bill Gates has had a very powerful impact on the world, and that he has led from the front. It is Bill Gates foresight and vision regarding personal computing that has been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry as a whole. Microsoft windows stands today as the worlds most successful OS only because of the exceptional leadership of Bill Gates (Mumford, 2013). The story of how Bill Gates, a student of Harvard University, dropped out to start one of the most successful company is probably known to everyone, in this report howeve r we look at leadership qualities of bill Gates that made him so successful. Analysis While growing up, Bill Gates was fascinated bycomputers and used to spent most of his time learning how to program. Bill Gates was aware that success cannot be achieved overnight and requires a lot of hard work. Pursuing his passion, he spent years working from his garage, coding and writing programs (Pavur, 2012). Even after setting up Microsoft and tasting initial success, Gates used to put in long working hours to understand his target audience and develop products that would speak to their business. Bill Gates understood that a leader should not be static and must be dynamic in his thinking. Microsoft continued to evolve under Gates to stay relevant. Gates knew that for Microsoft to maintain its leadership position, they had to continually improve and stay ahead of the competition. They didnt just rely on software packages but also added Microsoft Office, a web browser and enterprise solutions to their product lines (Day, 2010). Gates was the major driving force behind diversification of the Microsoft product line. This was the understanding he followed, and thus continuously brought in new product ideas and thus created a successful company. A complete analysis of Bill Gates would be incomplete without looking at the philanthropic and humanitarian efforts of bill gates. Bill Gates along with his wife Melinda Gates have taken the giving pledge where they have pledged to use majority of their financial wealth for philanthropic and charitable causes. Billions of dollars have been donated to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for charitable causes all over the world. They have provided an entirely new direction to philanthropy by tackling global issues like malaria, cancer and AIDS. Gates ability to envision philanthropic goals can be seen in thetreatment of malaria. He has a clear goal of eradicating malaria, and hes laid out a well-defined strategy. His abilities to envision and strategize are what make him a great leader (Serfontein, 2012). Leadership Qualities of Bill Gates Some of the leadership qualities in Bill Gates are as follows: Focus: This is probably one of the most important qualities that a leader must possess. It is paramount that one remains focused on the goal. A good leader always asks his followers to focus on a particular goal. Bill Gates always remained focused on the software industry. He could have ventured into other industries with the kind of success and resources he got, but he choose not to and focused on being the best in his field (Serfontein, 2012). He continued to focus on software and programming. He very well understood that the most important thing is to stick to ones core competence. Clear Thinking: It is very significant that leaders have a clear thought about what they want to achieve. Bill Gates always dreamt big and pursued his objective with determination. He always thought of competing with the largest of companies and never deviated from his thought. This is one of the most important traits that is needed in a leader. Passion: Bill Gates passion for software and computers is known to everyone. Even today after 30 years, he is pursuing his passion with utmost vigor. Continuous innovation and the hunger to create the perfect products can still be seen in his products. His leaderships skills combined with passion has helped him in attracting the very best latent because they believed in Bill Gates. He has single handedly created a worldwide operating software industry that any other company could not. Continuous Learning: A person must always strive to learn new things. Knowledge should be continuously improved and that is exactly what Bill Gates has done thought out his life. He still strives to learn from everyone (Serfontein, 2012). Not to be deterred by failure: Bill Gates has always maintained that actions speak louder than words. He always believed that whatever odds a person faces he should never be saddened. Bill Gates had cases against him in the court but that did not stop him from chasing his dream, making great successful products. Eventually he did emerged as a winner and thats what makes him a great leader. Bill Gates has a transformational leadership style. He is a visionary leader who has introduced lot of changes at Microsoft. He was able to transform the computing industry. The trait approach theory could be used to explain the leadership style of Bill Gates. The trait approach, suggests that certain persons are born with special traits that make them great leaders. Some of the strongest traits that Bill Gates has displayed are intelligence, skillfulness and competiveness, Determination, high integrity and sociable. If we look at the Leadership Style of Bill Gates, he is Task-oriented, Autocratic, Delegation and Transformational. As per the Fielders model there are two types of leaders: task-oriented leaders and relation- oriented leaders. Bill Gates has proved to be a task-oriented leader who expects performance from his employees and believes work is more important than relation building to achieve the goals of the company. Bill Gates has also displayed an Autocratic leadership. C ontrol is central to Bill Gates nature and the way he handles management. Bill Gates has very good knowledge about his work and thus likes to take every decision and decide on every major decision. Bill Gates was not used to delegation and was initially reluctant to delegate work. But with time he has understood the importance of delegation and has formed a team of capable managers and thus now delegates most of his work. Bill Gates has always had more technical competence than interpersonal skills. With experience he has adopted traits of a transformational leader whereby he tries to appeal to employees by motivation and support. It is important to analyze the leadership power of Bill Gates. In terms of power that he enjoys because of his position as the co-founder and chairman of Microsoft, Bill Gates uses Rational Persuasion when dealing with high-level managers. Bill Gates also enjoys reward power which includes his ability to influence others thorough rewards. Bill Gates can decide employees increments and promotions. However, like a true leader, he has established a system in the organization and all the employee activities like appraisals are handled in a systematic manner through appraisals (Corbridge, 2010). Bill gates also had access to Coercive Power, which involves the use of punishment withholding rewards to influence compliance. Although Bill Gates is an autocratic leader, he has never made threats to employees has never used coercion with employees for personal gains. Bill Gates also enjoys a high level of Expert Power because of his extensive skill and subject knowledge. Bill gates also enjoys a high degree of Referent Power which is a measure of a leaders personal relationships with others influential and significant leaders (Hanson, 2015). It is seen that employees stay at Microsoft for longer tenure than most of the other companies. Having looked at the leadership style of Bill gates, let us look at some of the positives from the particular leadership style of Bill Gates. Bill Gates paid utmost attention to details, which has helped create an environment of high effectiveness and efficiency. Because of his delegation, which he was able to do because of rigorous hiring process , he has been able to create a strong pool of future leaders. Also, because gates possess a high level of expertise and knowledge, he is able to gain loyalty and trust of the employees. Next we look at the skill approach of analyzing a leader, which is a leader centric approach that emphasizes the competencies of the leader. Bill Gates has a very strong skill set that comprised of effective strategic planning skill, communication skills, Teamwork skills and Motivation skills (Aguinis, 2013). Bill gates is a task oriented person and very passionate towards his work. If we have a look at the contingency and Situational leadership theory, leadership style is a choice of skills, traits and behavior employed by leaders to communicate with followers. Leaders ca then be categorized as autocratic, democratic or laissez fairs styles. Bill Gates displays an autocratic leadership trait. Gates has established a clear chain of command in the organization. Bill Gates generally employs a more direct approach towards employees and usually prefers to tell his employee what to do and there is very little freedom given to employees. Great man theory says that Leaders are born to lead and they cannot be created. Bill Gates is certainly one leader that exhibited leadership traits from the very beginning. According to the contingency theory, effective leadership is contingent on matching the leaders style to the right setting i.e. a leader must match its leadership style with that of the setting in which he is operating (Javidan, 2012). Bill Gates has displayed a ta sk-oriented approach where he has mostly focused on completion of task at hand. Also, transactional leadership theory states that a leader ensures that his followers comply by making use of rewards and punishments. Whereas transformational leadership theory states that a leader does not only looks at day to day operation of the company but also looks at crafting a long term strategy for the company. Bill Gates has displayed a mix of transactional and transformational leadership. In the initial years he was more focused on transactional leadership wherein he was more focused on day-to-day work (Morse, 2010). But with time he realized the importance of strategizing and took a more transformational approach to leadership. So far we have seen the exceptional leadership skills of Bill Gates, but the leadership of Bill Gates is not without limitations. Bill Gates was of dominating nature, which at times hindered his followers ability to relate with him. Add to that the constant pressure exerted by him on his subordinates for results, made him unpopular among employees. Although Bill Gates showed traits of a charismatic and transformational leader he lacked employee relations. Employee relation is one aspect that a leader of Bill Gates stature could have improved (Babbitt, 2014). He is always said to be much more focused on work and less focused on employee welfare. That is another aspect that could be improved. Also, though out the life of Microsoft, there had been several litigations and Microsoft has lost several cases thus leading to some questions over the aggressive philosophy of Bill Gates. Another major criticism that is often heard is that Microsoft was not an innovative company. People argued th at Bill Gates only updated existing products and never really invented new products (Williams, 2010). Also there is criticism that Bill Gates was so focused on winning that he never allowed the competition to Build. He would either purchase the competing company in the initial stage or would completely altogether kill the competition. This never allowed the operating industry to completely innovate. Conclusion There is a lot to learn from the leadership attributes of Bill Gates. The above paper discusses the leadership style and attribute of Bill Gates. One of the leadership theories says that a leader is one who has multiple followers. Without followers it is difficult to judge the success of leaders. Bill Gates in that regard is an effective leader as almost the entire world not only follows him but also holds him in high regards. The exemplary skills and mindset that Bill Gates possesses makes him one of the most influential transformational leaders of the 21st century. He has proved to be a charismatic and visionary leader. He knew exactly what he wanted to achieve and he focused all his energy on it. His unmatched passion and zeal to achieve the best helped him become a millionaire first and then richest man of the world for 13 continuous years. He has already achieved a high degree of success with his business venture. Now he has put his mind to Philanthropy. Bill Gates has dedicated a lot of time and finances in helping the emerging economies like Brazil, Africa and countries in Asia. He is now a global citizen touching the lives of hundreds of millions of people through his generosity. With the exceptional leadership qualities that Bill Gates possesses he is sure to taste success in philanthropy as well. As a 17 years old boy Bill Gates was quoted as wanting to rule the world. Today, Bill Gates is one person that can truly be said to have conquered the world. References Aguinis, H. (2013) Performance management.3rd ed.Upper Saddle River , NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., Van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: a meta-analysis comparing women and men.Psychological bulletin,129(4), 569. Fulop, L., Day, G. E. (2010). From leader to leadership: clinician managers and where to next?.Australian Health Review,34(3), 344-351. Hough, J., Serfontein, J. J. (2012). The relationship between strategic leadership, operational strategy and organisational performance. Kearney, E., Marggraf, K. (2014, January). The Effects of Empowering Leadership on Managers' Career Perceptions. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 13384). Academy of Management. Kirkpatick, S. A., Locke, E. A. (1991). Leadership: do traits matter?.The executive,5(2), 48-60. Krystofik, M., Babbitt, C. W., Gaustad, G. (2014). When consumer behavior dictates life cycle performance beyond the use phase: case study of inkjet cartridge end-of-life management. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(5), 1129-1145. Mumford, M. D., Partlow, P. J., Medeiros, K. E. (2013). 4. Charismatic leadership in crises: its origins and effects on performance.Handbook of Research on Crisis Leadership in Organizations, 67. Morse, S. (2010) Utilising a virtual world to teach performance appraisal An exploratory studyJournal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 34 Issue 8/9 pp.852 868. Pavur Jr, E. J. (2012). Leadership for managers.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,15(4), 269-274. Pilbeam, S. Corbridge, M. (2010) People resourcing and talent planning: HRM in practice. 4th ed. London: Prentice Hall International. Pulakos, E., Hanson., R, Arad., S, Moye, N. (2015) 'Performance Management Can Be Fixed: An On-the-Job Experiential Learning Approach for Complex Behavior Change',Industrial Organizational Psychology, 8 (1), pp. 51-76 Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories.The leadership quarterly,10(2), 285-305. House, R. J., Shamir, B. (1993). Toward the integration of transformational, charismatic, and visionary theories. Shamir, B., House, R. J., Arthur, M. B. (2003). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory.Organization science,4(4), 577-594. Varella, P., Javidan, M., Waldman, D. A. (2012). A model of instrumental networks: The roles of socialized charismatic leadership and group behavior.Organization Science,23(2), 582-595. Williams, S. (2010). Strategic planning and organizational values: links to alignment.Human Resource Development International, 5(2), pp.217-233.

Fundamentals of Microsoft Office Suite free essay sample

Microsoft Office Microsoft Office is a suite of different programs that allows you to create documents, spreadsheets, posters, and presentations; send email, keep track of your life, take notes etc. It is a proprietary commercial office suite of inter-related desktop applications, servers and services for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, introduced by Microsoft in 1989. Over the years, Office included applications which are: †¢ Access – create databases, manage large quantities of information, and create reports. Excel – create spreadsheets, charts, tables, graphs, and otherwise organize and present lists or other raw data. †¢ Outlook – email client that includes a calendar, contact manager, and to do list. †¢ PowerPoint – create slideshow presentations with text, images, video and audio with backgrounds. †¢ Word – word processing software, used to create text documents like papers, outlines, and bibliographi es, and format your work for better visual appeal. Microsoft Word? Microsoft Word, or Word as it is commonly known, is a software application that allows you (the user) to perform word processing. It is a text editor that allows us to type, edit and save test. However, it also offers far more features than just editing words, such as spell checking, designing and elaborate formatting features. With Microsoft Word, we can effortlessly change the way a document looks. It is therefore easier to present ideas in a coherent manner. Some important features of Microsoft Word are: Font Size and Shape: With innumerable font style, colors, sizes available, Word makes dull looking data interesting. We can have text in Bold, Italic or normal forms. Bold text helps us to make important information stand out in a clutter of information. Alignment: Alignment is one of the most important features of MS Word. Using this feature, we can make look all text on our Word document neatly aligned one below the other. Paragraphs can all start from a single aligned line. The Indent tab at the top helps us align text easily. We can also Centre, Left or Right align our text according to our preference. Watermarks and Backgrounds: These features have only been added recently to Word. With the use of watermarks and background, we can add graphics to a dull looking word document. These watermarks can then play an important part when we print out word documents. Go to format, click on Backgrounds and here we can add a text or an image as a background for our text document. Watermarks can then appear on every new page we make. Borders: MS Word provides many pre designed backgrounds and borders. A border encompasses any one or two sides or all sides of the Word Document. Spell Check: One of the most important features of MS Word Spell check lets us check if all spellings are in line with the accepted spellings worldwide. If we keep the Spell check feature on, Word lets us know if we have faltered whilst typing it. Grammar Check: Grammar can also be checked on Word. Commas, semicolons, wrongly fragmented sentences would have Word auto-suggesting you a better option. Tables: We can insert tables and charts in our Word document and define how may rows and columns we would like to have in them. These tables can also be imported from other office software. Graphic Fill effects: Words can be graphically filled on MS Word. They can move as we read the document, blink, marquee and other features can be added to important information. Microsoft Excel? Microsoft Excel is an electronic spreadsheet program that can be used for storing, organizing, analyzing and manipulating data. Excel also has features, with the help of which you can easily apply various formulae to calculate and simplify various tedious data. When you look at the Excel screen (refer to the example on this page) you see a rectangular table or grid of rows and columns. The horizontal rows are identified by numbers (1,2,3) and the vertical columns with letters of the alphabet (A,B,C). For columns beyond 26, columns are identified by two or more letters such as AA, AB, AC. Data Types, Formulas, and Functions: The types of data that a cell can hold include numbers, text or formulas. Just as in math class, formulas are used for calculations usually involving data contained in other cells. Excel and other electronic spreadsheets include a number of built in formulas used for common tasks known as functions. Excel and Financial Data Spreadsheets are often used to store financial data. Formulas and functions that are used on this type of data include: * Performing basic mathematical operations such as summing columns and rows of figures. Finding values such as profit or loss. * Calculating repayment plans for loans or mortgages. * Finding the average, maximum, or minimum values in a specified range of data. Excels Other Uses Other common operations that Excel can be used for include: * Graphing or charting data to assist users in identifying data trends. * Sorting and filtering data to find specific information. The information garnered in a spreadsheet can easily be incorporated into electronic presentations, web pages, or printed off in report form. Microsoft PowerPoint? Microsoft PowerPoint is a full-featured desktop presentation program. A presentation can be a collection of slides relating to a specific topic, which may be shown while the topic is discussed or may be shown as a continuous show. PowerPoint uses a graphical approach to help its users create Multimedia presentations in the form of slide shows that accompany the oral delivery of the topic which can be showed on a projection system or even a personal computer. With the help of PowerPoint, we can make tedious data and information look interesting and presentable. This program is widely used in business and classrooms and is an effective tool when used for training purposes. Other features: Slide transition: Helps make transition from one slide to another look interesting. Apart from the normal black screen transition we have zoom in, zoom out features helping us to add flavor in our presentation. Videos: We can add videos in the midst of a slide full of numerical data. We just have to click on the video on the slide and it would start playing. Voiceover: We can add voiceover to each slide or add voice to a single slide. The voiceover can run over the entire slide’s time or just for some time. We can import charts, graphs etc from excel and put them up on our slide in PPT. As such it becomes easier if we are working on a whole project and used both excel and powerpoint. All in all, Microsoft PowerPoint is a one-stop-shop to create successful presentations for the business world, the classroom or just for your own personal use. Microsoft Access? Microsoft Access is an information management tool that helps you store information for reference, reporting, and analysis. Microsoft Access can help you overcome the limitations found when trying to manage large amounts of information in Microsoft Excel or other spreadsheet applications. Microsoft Access works in the same manner any database does, by storing related information together and letting you create connections (commonly called relationships) between different things. The relationships between two different things can be very simple (such as a contact at a customer and the customer itself) or complex. MS access is appropriate for meeting end users database needs for rapid application developed in enterprise environments. It is easy enough for end user to create their own queries forms and reports, laying outfield and groupings, setting formula’s etc†¦ This capability allows professional developers, users to develop a wide range of application to fulfill the needs of an organization. MS access is used by many technology departments to create highly focused applications, access is used by people downloading the data from enterprise level database for manipulation and reporting locally, it can also import or link directly to data stored in other application and database.